Hist 103              
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Since Muhammad

Since Muhammad


Fall 2025

Hunt Tooley

108 Sherman Hall, 813-2292
Turkish Galleys
Office Hours:
MWF: In my office, noon to 12:30
TTH:  4:30 to 5
MWF: Via ZOOM, 1:45-2:30

https://austincollege.zoom.us/j/82278058303






SCHEDULE

Course Objectives                                                                                                                                               


    Perhaps some ascetic cave-dweller in the wilds of Utah or New Jersey would wonder why it is important for Americans to know something about the Middle East. Curiosity about a major non-western culture is certainly a starting point, though we will see that the Middle East holds much in common with the West. But the vast investment of the United States, the war on terrorism, the American invasions of many Middle Eastern states since the beginning of World War II, the growing population of Americans with roots in the Middle East--all these give us good reasons for learning about the region. We start the course BEFORE Muhammand, since in learning the contours of Middle Eastern history, one must come to grips with the founding of Islam, the tenets of the Islamic system, and the development of that system, both in its religious and political aspects. Contacts with and influences on the history of western civilization also form an important item on the agenda, not least in connection with the great state forms which have espoused Islam as their center, and, in the last two centuries, in connection with the projection of European power on Middle Eastern areas.  The understanding of all these themes will be necessary in unraveling the complex, and highly interesting, developments of this century, indeed of the last few years:  from the changes in the forms of European penetration, to the weakening of European power, to the reassertion of local decision-making, to the internal and external conflicts arising from all of these processes.  In this course we will turn our attention as well to the broad internal rhythms and continuities in this region.  

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Books to Acquire



Marjani Satrapi. Persepolis

                                                                                                         

An Arab - Syrian Gentleman and Warrior In the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah ibn-Munqidh (author), trans. Philip Hitti
                                                                            Publisher:
Qadeem Press
                                                                            ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎
8197662622
                                                                            ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎
978-8197662621



Elements of the Course

Each class member will keep a journal.  See below for instructions.

More than fivw absences will affect the class grade dramatically.  More than five absences may result in being dropped from the course.  You must do the reading assigned.  Regular reading quizzes will be averaged to represent 15% of the grade. It is impossible to arrange for make-ups on these quizzes, but I will drop the lowest three grades before I average them at the end of the course.

The grading breaks down as follows. 

        2 Exams @ 15 %                    30 %
        1 Final                                     25 %
        Journal                                    15 %
        3 Map Quizzes @ 5%             15 %
        Reading Quiz Average            15 %
                    --------------------------------
        Course Grade                100 %

In this course, 80 to 82.5 is a B-, 82.5 to 87 is a B, 87 to 89.9 is a B+ etc.


Academic Integrity, Attendance, and Late Assignment Penalties

    This course will be run on the basis of the Austin College Academic Integrity Policies.  Group studying is of course fine.  But all students are required to do their own work on tests and papers.  By being enrolled in this course, each student agrees to abide by the Academic Integrity principles found in the most recent version of the Environment or in other official college publications.  All sources used in preparation of the papers should be acknowledged appropriately.   This means that direct quotations, specific information, and specific ideas should be attributed in the text or in a footnote to their source. A sentence taken from someone else and slightly altered still constitutes plagiarism, which the Environment specifically names an honor offense.  In terms of our journal assignments for this course, the passing off of cut-and-paste material from electronic sources is considered a major academic integrity violation.  I will respond to all violations with appropriate penalties, including losing the whole  15 percent for the journal, and in the case of cheating on a test, issuing an F for the course.  All violations of any kind will be reported to the Vice-President for Academic Affairs. 
    The College has created a good new webpage on Academic Integrity here:
https://intranet.austincollege.edu/academic/faculty/academic-integrity/
For more info on the many aspects of plagiarism, you can also visit the excellent website of Plagiarism.org here:
https://plagiarism.org/

   




Ground Rules for Class

 

1.  What to call me when you are talking to me or emailing, etc.  Students at AC tend to call me Dr. Tooley (that implies that I have a Ph.D., which I do).  You could also call me “Professor Tooley,” since I am that too. In recent times, some students have called me “Tooley”—DO NOT call me that. Please save this use of last name only for other students, your pals, or for the kids on the little league team you are coaching. (I would follow this advice with your other professors too. Or ask them what they prefer to be called.)

 

2. Cell Phones. Please put your cell phone on the window ledge before class starts You can retrieve it at the end of class.

 

3.  Class time. I try to start right on time, and usually with a reading quiz. Please arrive on time. I to end classes exactly on time. Talking to the professor from a previous class is not an excuse. If you miss the reading quiz because you did not arrive in time to take it, you will not get credit for that quiz. And in college in general, you need to sit through the class without coming and going, even if you are accustomed to coming and going casually to your high school classes, etc.

 

4. All tests and quizzes must be written in pen, not pencil. Most quizzes will be written on a sheet of paper, so be sure to have one available when you arrive at each class.

 

5. Come to class armed with a notebook or paper and a pen or pencil. At this level of education, there is no way you can digest and remember the class material if you don’t take notes. If you have trouble with this ground rule, please come to me and talk about how you can make this happen.

 

6. Computers and tablets. Unless you have a College accommodation to use a computer to take notes in class, I would recommend taking notes by hand. Research has shown pretty conclusively that handwriting your notes provides many benefits. Ask me about these benefits if you like. The next best thing would be a tablet and a good note-taking application. But unless you have an accommodation from the College, please write your notes by hand. (If you have never mastered cursive, please consider learning it—it is much easier and faster for notes and tests.)

 

7. For those of you who are permitted to use a laptop for notes, please sit in the first or second row of the class. I will check periodically to make sure your computer has not distracted you from our primary purpose.

 

6. Questions and comments in discussion. Please raise your hand to speak. And when you do, please project. My hearing is not what it used to be. Please don’t hesitate to ask a question. In particular, questions of clarification may be very helpful to other students. But raise your hand to get my attention first.  

 

7.  Please do your best to go to the restroom if needed before class. If you must go during class, quietly leave and come back as quickly and quietly as possible.

 

8.  If you begin to feel sick, just leave quietly. And contact me via email later to make sure I know the reason for your departure.





Weekly Journal


Each week, beginning on the Friday that ends the second class week, you are to deliver to me, via Turnitin.com, one substantial entry of a page or so (minimum 300 words). The turn-in deadline will be Friday afternoons at 5:00pm. Though we will discuss this more as we go, it is appropriate to say here that the journal will have to do with your continuing encounters with Middle Eastern history and the development of current affairs in the Middle East. You have to turn in all the journals and all on time in order to get full credit for this 15% of the course grade. You will receive grace if one of the journals is two days late or less. But if a single week's journal is more than two days late, or if a second journal is late at all, your grade will drop--you will receive only a fraction of this 15% of the grade. It is also possible to receive less than fifteen percent if your journals become too superficial or perfunctory. The exception to this schedule will be the Friday, of our Fall Break Day and the Friday of our last day of classes. But otherwise, from the second Friday of class to the next-to-the-last Friday of class, you will need to turn in a journal entry. Since you won't be in class duringThanksgiving week, this amounts to eleven journal entries.
    You have to sign up for Turnitin.com. I will give you the sign-up info in class and by email.
    Again, you turn in one special journal/blog assignment per week. Each journal should contain at least 300 words of text and accompanying photos--at least two photos or other graphics per assignment. The assignment will be turned in via Turnitin, and in the form of a powerpoint file. If you don't know how to create a powerpoint, this is the time to learn! 
    Expanding on the description above, the journal/blog will be devoted to current events in the Middle East, special cultural topics, points of interest you learn about through the readings, interesting things about the Middle East you have learned through family connections, travel, etc. For example, if you are from a family with a Middle Eastern heritage, you might want to share some food item your family makes. And maybe even a recipe! You could discuss some special side issues which just get mentioned, but about which you have looked up more info. You could also discuss a news item, perhaps comparing two different ways the story or issue has been covered by two different news sources (for example, Time Magazine and Al Jazeera, or the Hindustan Times and the Jerusalem Post). 
    Some parameters. The text MUST be in your own words. Your content will be checked by Turnitin. Turnitin also checks for AI, so I will know if you used that. Don't.  Also, you must rely on solid material. Wikipedia might help you find a topic, but Wikipedia may not be used as the basis for your content. And you must list your sources for the info. Generally speaking, you should have at least two solid sources for each entry. Three is better. You will need to list them at the end of your presentation. You may certainly use photos, maps, charts, etc. from Wikipedia or Wikimedia
   Poor sourcing and entries that are too brief will detract from your grade for the journal/blog assignments overall. On the other hand, these weekly assignments are not academic papers, but rather more broad and informal presentations, the kind of thing one would read in a blog or magazine.
   Finally, the assignment will be due on Friday afternoons at 5:00. Missing an assignment completely will affect your grade for the journals/blogs disproportionately. You are welcome to turn them in at any time before the due date of Friday at five.
    If you write an entry based on news sources, all solid news sources are fair game. No one should think that some news source is "foreign," or "alternative" or as representing an opinion that someone thinks is forbidden or off limits.

Here are some news sources you can consult for current events and other journal topics:

The New York Times
(New York) (you have to subscribe to this one)
The Christian Science Monitor (Boston)
Reuters News Service (London)
The Guardian (London)
The Independent (London)
Der Spiegel International (Germany) 
Al Jazeera online (Qatar)
Aramco World Magazine (which has an online version)
Hindustan Times (from India, of course, but with much coverage of the Middle East from an interesting perspective)
The Jerusalem Post
The Middle East Eye
(London)



Blank Map of the Middle East for the map quizzes


Study Sheets for Map Quizzes--The Middle East Since Muhammad

Be able to identify the following entities on the accompanying map.  With regions or countries, be sure to show the approximate extent.  With cities, be sure to locate with a dot.

MAP QUIZ # 1
Black Sea
Constantinople 
Bosporus Strait
Dardanelles Strait
Caspian Sea
Anatolia
Arabia
Egypt
Strait of Hormuz
Bab al-Mandab Strait
Red Sea
Persian Gulf
Ethiopia Hijaz, or Hejaz Aleppo
Byzantine Empire (c.600) Baghdad Sasanid Empire (c.600)
Hadramawt
Medina (Yathrib)
Mecca
Oman
Alexandria
Jersusalem
Syria
Damascus
Tigris River
Euphrates River
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Cyrenaica
Taurus Mountains Yemen
Bahrain
Zagros Mountains
Mosul
Isfahan
Aegean Sea Bukhara
Iraq (modern) Caucasus Mountains
Seljuk Empire (c. 1090)
Antioch (historically in Syria,
now in extreme southeast Turkey)
Nile Delta Persian Empire around
B.C. 500
        
Also be able to:

    show the greatest extent of the Roman Empire (see the assigned video The Roman Empire: Rise and Fall at time mark 3:50)

    
    trace the spread of Islam during the seventh and eighth centuries, showing  directions and extent.

    show the wind pattern directions in the Red Sea region.


MAP QUIZ # 2
Konya
Trebizond
Uzbeks
Gallipoli
Caspian Sea
Mosul
Jerusalem
Armenia
Black Sea
Istanbul
Basrah
Mecca
Aqaba
Amman
Haifa
Cairo
Alexandria
Kut (site of WWI battle)
Transjordan
Barbary Coast
Tunisia
Cappadokia
Ankara
Lake Van
Turkey, 1922 Jerusalem
Jordan River
Sea of Marmara Cyprus Sinai Peninsula
Damascus Istanbul Suez Canal
Morocco Egypt Tunisia
Algeria Algeria Strait of Hormuz

Also be able to show:  

    the extent of Byzantine Empire c. 600 A.D.
    the extent of the Ottoman Empire under Suleiman the Magnificent
    the region and direction of the "Arab Revolt" campaign 
    the region and direction of British campaigns in Mesopotamia

MAP QUIZ # 3 
Iran (the modern country)
Afghanistan
Gulf of Aqaba
Pakistan
Kuwait
Iraq
Saudi Arabia
Yemen
Bahrein
Muscat and Oman
Qatar
Somalia
Nicosia
Port Said
Jidda
Aswan 
Haifa
Kharg Island
Ethiopia
United Arab Emirates
Gulf of Aden
West Bank
Syria
Jordan (the modern country)
Israel
Isfahan
Lebanon
Baku Ankara
Tehran
Sana
Riyad
Abadan
Amman
Beirut
Cairo
Tel Aviv
Caspian Sea
Gaza Strip
Afghanistan Shatt al-Arab Kuwait
             
Also be able to show the territorial  issues related to the Arab-Israeli dispute, in particular those associated with 1948, 1956, and 1967.