AC            Tooley        Spring 2026   
History 335, Europe Since 1939         Schedule
(Please read the listings for a given day BY that day.)

  
Feb 3--Introduction.

   Feb 5--Approaching World War II
Read
Wikipedia entry, INTRO ONLY: World War II
Wikipedia:  Anti-Comintern Pact
Non-Aggression Pact document
watch Stephen Kotkin's short video on the Non-Aggression Pact
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6e8NHJWUbho
Wikipedia: Gleiwitz Incident


 Feb 10--World War II: Early Stages. 
        Read the Wikipedia entry World War II from "War breaks out in Europe," down to and not including "Axis Attack on Soviet Union"
Time Magazine Color photos of the Polish Invasion
and  Reynolds, "1940: Fulcrum of the Twentieth Century?"  (JSTOR)

    Feb 12--The War Continues (and clinic on research paper)read
World War II from "Axis attack on the Soviet Union" down to, and not including "Aftermath"

 Historian Richard Overy on "How The Allies Won."



Feb 17--American Intervention, French Occupation, and Other Things
 Wikipedia:  The German Occupation of France
     
   Feb 19--No Class.


 Feb 24--Bombing and also discussion of Stalin in power
read
Beck, "The Allied Bombing of Germany..."  (JSTOR)
and listen to Stephen Kotkin's analysis of Stalin at War:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1NV-hq2akCQ

    Feb 26—Holocaust I
read The US Holocaust Memorial Museum introduction the Holocaust
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/introduction-to-the-holocaust


Mar 3--Holocaust II
Himmler speech to SS officers
https://www.stephenhicks.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Himmler-Posen-speech-1943.pdf
And this National World II Museum account of the Wannsee Conference
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/wannsee-conference-1942

Mar 5--The Allies Invade
read the great Six Armies in Normandy, by John Keegan. 4x reading quiz and full discussion in class.


Mar 10--Soviet Revenge: The Expulsions of Ethnic Germans from East Central Europe and other War Crimes
Readings: Eyewitness accounts (from Vardy and Tooley, Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe [2003])
read
Karl Hausner
Hermine Hausner
Erich Helfert
Martha Kent


Mar 12--Poland and Surrounding Territories During and After the War
  reading: an essay of mine from some years ago
"The Human Costs of the Matchstick Solution:  The Dynamics of Changing Borders and Ethnic Cleansing in Poland, 1945,"    

Topic proposal due on March 12, midnight (Turnitin)

Mar 17-20--spring break
Mar 24--The Red Army's Atrocities at War's End and the American decision to drop the atomic bomb
Read An article about historian Antony Beevor
and this article on A Woman in Berlin
Bernstein article on Truman's Decision to use the A-Bomb
Wikipedia on the Repatriation of Cossacks  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_of_Cossacks_after_World_War_II
 

Mar 17--The Red Army's Atrocities at War's End and the American decision to drop the atomic bomb
Read An article about historian Antony Beevor
and this article on A Woman in Berlin
Bernstein article on Truman's Decision to use the A-Bomb



   Mar 26--The Economic Miracle and Other End-of-War Matters

Wikipedia on the Repatriation of Cossacks  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repatriation_of_Cossacks_after_World_War_II Richard Wiggers article on German food conditions
On the Epuration/Purges in France from 1944 to 1948 or so, read this good piece by Anthony Beevor:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/05/women-victims-d-day-landings-second-world-war read my recent (or listen to) my piece on the Cigarette Economy in occupied Germany
https://mises.org/podcasts/audio-mises-wire/smoke-or-not-smoke-cigarette-economy-postwar-germany-1945-48


Mar 31--Midterm Exam


April 2--Spies, Bombs,  Bankers, Bases, Baseness.
The Cold War Wikipedia:  Cold War
The Marshall Plan  http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=82
and a commentary by Jeffrey Tucker on the Marshall Plan
https://mises.org/free-market/marshall-plan-myth
Wikipedia:  Berlin Blockade--intro only
Also Intros only
    Wikipedia: Konrad Adenauer
  Wikipedia:  Clement Atlee
Wikipedia:  Alcide de Gasperi
on Charles de Gaulle
https://www.bbc.com/history/historic_figures/gaulle_charles_de.shtml


Apr 7--Soviet Europe: From Postwar to the 1970s
Wikipedia on the Warsaw Pact  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_pact
Litvinov to Stalin, May 1946
    National Security Agency:  VENONA (Please browse this site heavily)
   
Apr 9--Decolonization.  Tony Smith,  "A Comparative Study of French and British Decolonization," Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan., 1978), pp. 70-102 (JSTOR)
DeGaulle and Algeria   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZaKA70S1ss&feature=fvst
Wikipedia on the Mau Mau uprising  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising


Annotated Bibliography due on Thursday at midnight on April 9 via Turnitin

Apr 14--The Cold War II

Kitchen Debate   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7HqOrAakco
How the Berlin Wall Worked: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KoJ0Pih0Ssc
JFK Library info on Wall speech  http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Cold-War-in-Berlin.aspx
Kennedy Wall speech  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gdH6XXJ2MU&feature=related

Apr 16--European Union and Western Europe in the sixties, seventies, and eighties. 
on Charles de Gaulle
https://www.bbc.com/history/historic_figures/gaulle_charles_de.shtml
    Short primer on the stages of European Union:  http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/European_Union

    Wikipedia , Intro only, on Mitterand
on Francois Mitterand  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Mitterrand
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt
Spartacus Schoolnet bio of Margaret Thatcher, with video  http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDthatcher.htm
Wikipedia on Helmut Kohl:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl

Apr 21--Andropov, Gorbachev, and the Beginning of the End of the Soviet Union: "Tear Down This Wall!": 

Atlantic article on the declassification of documents on "Autumn Forge," a close call in the Cold War.
and
National Security Archive on the 1983 War Scare  
  On this one, please work through it thoroughly--the video, as many documents as you can read, etc.
and
Wikipedia on the Wall speech, Intro only:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall!
Reagan at the Wall:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8
Peter Robinson's account of how he wrote the speech, etc.
http://www.historynet.com/president-ronald-reagan-inside-story-of-reagans-berlin-challenge-to-tear-down-this-wall.htm
Not all the same:  1991 in Lithuania:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2SvhDY23So


     Apr 23--Gorbachev and the Fall of the Eastern Bloc Regimes and the Aftermath(s)
 
Research paper due on April 23, via Turnitin

Apr 28--Velvet Revolutions and Others: Spotlight on Romania
Ceausescu part one:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5gVsYNGycc&feature=related
part two
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD2e_-ek194&feature=relmfu
The Romanian Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEqS7lz0O9A&feature=related
The trial of the Ceausescus:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pk2rxHTrsQ


   Apr 30--Peace Dividend That Never Was: The Nineties, Civilization Clash, and the Revival of Russia
Huntington's new clash http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clash_of_Civilizations
The NATO bombing of Serbia  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia


May 5--Economics:  Inflation, Agriculture, Intervention
read Hoppe article

May 7--The New Europe of Identities: Serbia, Brexit, Catalonia, and Other Matters
Wikipedia on Angela Merkel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel


May 12--Europe Today--Immigration and the Russian War Against Ukraine