AC            Tooley        Fall 2023 
History 335, Europe Since 1939         Schedule
(Please read the listings for a given day BY that day.)

Aug 22--Introduction.

Aug 24--Approaching World War II.
Read
  Wikipedia:  Mukden Incident
Wikipedia:  Anti-Comintern Pact
Wikipedia:  The Spanish Civil War
(intro only)
Non-Aggression Pact documents
Wikipedia: Gleiwitz Incident


    Aug 29--Overview of World War II. 
        Read (carefully) the chapter on World War II from Felix Gilbert's older (but very fine) textbook, The End of the Europe Era
https://archive.org/details/endofeuropeanera0000gilb/page/336/mode/2up
For this book, you will need to join Archive.org and "borrow" it. It is easy to see how to do this when you go to the link above. Keep this site in mind for research and reading in other courses too. Feel free to explore it: it includes sound and video materials as well.
Also: look carefully at
Time Magazine Color photos of the Polish Invasion
and read  Reynolds, "1940: Fulcrum of the Twentieth Century?"  (JSTOR)

Aug 31--Military and Diplomatic Aspects of the War

Historian Richard Overy on "How The Allies Won."

Read the brief but detailed account of the "Katyn Massacres" of 1940 at the Victims of Communism site:
https://victimsofcommunism.org/the-secret-soviet-genocide-of-wwii/

and read the short US Holocaust Museum entry on the "Warsaw Uprising"
https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-warsaw-polish-uprising

(Important--special discussion of the paper assignments during this class.)


   Sep 5 --Some Costs of War. 
Tooley, "The Human Costs of the Matchstick Solution:  The Dynamics of Changing Borders and Ethnic Cleansing in Poland, 1945," 
and
Beck, "The Allied Bombing of Germany..."  (JSTOR)

Sep 7--The Final Solution I. 
read this article on JSTOR. Browning, "The Nazi Decision to Commit Mass Murder"  (JSTOR).
also read: the story of Victor Lewis, a boy who survived the Holocaust
Also, read this Introduction to euthanasia in the Third Reich



    Sep 12--The Final Solution II.
No reading

Sep 14—World War II from Within.
 Wikipedia:  The German Occupation of France
       http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/dday2.htm
        Wikipedia: D-Day
       Wikipedia: The Battle of the Bulge



Sep 19--The End. 
Read the Wikipedia article on rape and the conquest and occupation of German
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany

and this article on the film A Woman in Berlin
article on A Woman in Berlin

and on Operation Keelhaul  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul

and finally,  an outstanding and important article by Stanford historian Barton Bernstein. Please read this carefully.
Bernstein article on Truman's Decision to use the A-Bomb

Sep 21--Eastern Europe at War's End:  eyewitness accounts of the war's end.  (from Vardy and Tooley, Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth Century Europe [2003])
Karl Hausner
Hermine Hausner
Erich Helfert
Martha Kent


Sep 26--Aftermath. 
Richard Wiggers article on German food conditions

On the Epuration/Purges in France from 1944 to 1948 or so, read this good piece by Anthony Beevor:
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/jun/05/women-victims-d-day-landings-second-world-war
   
  Sep 28--Conditions in Occupied Germany, 1945 to 1948
Read my recent article on the "cigarette economy" at Mises.org
https://mises.org/wire/smoke-or-not-smoke-cigarette-economy-postwar-germany-1945-48

Oct 3--EXAM


Oct 5--Spies, Bombs,  Bankers, Bases, Baseness.The Cold War
read parts of the Wikipedia article on the Cold War,
  Wikipedia:  Cold War
(Read the Intro, then skip down to the heading Wartime Conferences regarding post-war Europe." From there, read down to, and not including, the heading "Competition in the Third World.)
A Contrarian view of the Marshall Plan: https://mises.org/library/marshall-plan-myth
    and (Intro only Wikipedia:  Berlin Blockade)


Oct 10--Western  Europe after 1950: Economics, Peace, and the Origins of European Union
  
read Hans A. Schmitt: Memories of a Tranquil Revolution https://www.vqronline.org/essay/memories-tranquil-revolution

read the Intros to each of the Wikipedia articles

Wikipedia: Konrad Adenauer
  Wikipedia:  Clement Atlee
Wikipedia:  Alcide de Gasperi
Wikipedia: Charles de Gaulle

And watch this short documentary assessing de Gaulle as a human being:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj8sF7gTZmQ


 Oct 12--Western Europe, Continued.  Hans Schmitt, "Memories of a Tranquil Revolution"
Martin Francis, "Tears, Tantrums, and Bared Teeth:  The Emotional Economy of Three Conservative Prime Ministers, 1951-1963" The Journal of British Studies, Vol. 41, No. 3, New Directions in Political History (Jul., 2002), pp. 354-387

Watch a few minutes of these speeches by Macmillan, Eden, and Churchill.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2SNazc6B_po  (Speech starts at about 0:55.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iej4vyuSdZk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjYbbU4wN-A

Wikipedia on NATO  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO



   
Oct 17--European High Culture since 1939
powerpoint for class: TBA

Wikipedia on "The Swinging Sixties": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinging_Sixties

Oct 19--Soviet Europe I. 
Wikipedia on the Warsaw Pact  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_pact
    (Important:  among other things this day,  heads up and tips for the research paper)d
Litvinov to Stalin, May 1946
    National Security Agency:  VENONA (Please browse this site heavily)
  



Oct 24--Decolonization.  Tony Smith,  "A Comparative Study of French and British Decolonization," Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan., 1978), pp. 70-102 (JSTOR)
DeGaulle and Algeria   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OZaKA70S1ss&feature=fvst
Wikipedia on the Mau Mau uprising  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mau_Mau_Uprising
  
Oct 26---Soviet Europe II.
Kitchen Debate   http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7HqOrAakco
JFK Library info on Wall speech  http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/The-Cold-War-in-Berlin.aspx
Kennedy Wall speech  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7gdH6XXJ2MU&feature=related



Oct 31-European Union and Western Europe in the sixties, seventies, and eighties.
    Short primer on the stages of European Union:  http://wiki.mises.org/wiki/European_Union
    Oil Crisis!  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_oil_crisis
  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Schmidt
Spartacus Schoolnet bio of Margaret Thatcher, with video  http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/COLDthatcher.htm
Wikipedia on Helmut Kohl:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmut_Kohl

   
Nov 2--"Tear Down This Wall!": Andropov, Chernenko, Gorbachev
Wikipedia on the Wall speech:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tear_down_this_wall!
Reagan at the Wall:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WjWDrTXMgF8
Peter Robinson's account of how he wrote the speech, etc.
http://www.historynet.com/president-ronald-reagan-inside-story-of-reagans-berlin-challenge-to-tear-down-this-wall.htm
Not all the same:  1991 in Lithuania:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I2SvhDY23So
Atlantic article on the declassification of documents on "Autumn Forge," a close call in the Cold War.
and
National Security Archive on the 1983 War Scare  
  On this one, please work through it thoroughly--the video, as many documents as you can read, etc.


Nov 7--Velvet Revolutions and Others: Spotlight on Romania
Ceausescu part one:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X5gVsYNGycc&feature=related
part two
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WD2e_-ek194&feature=relmfu
The Romanian Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AEqS7lz0O9A&feature=related
The trial of the Ceausescus:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2pk2rxHTrsQ


Nov 9--Agony: The Fall of the Eastern Bloc Regimes and the Aftermath(s)

Nov 14--Peace Dividend That Never Was: The Nineties, Civilization Clash, and the Revival of Russia
Huntington's new clash http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clash_of_Civilizations
The NATO bombing of Serbia  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_NATO_bombing_of_Yugoslavia

    Nov 16--Economics:  Inflation, Agriculture, Intervention, Immigration:  1991-2012.
read Hoppe article

THANKSGIVING BREAK

Nov 28--The New Europe of Identities: Serbia, Brexit, Catalonia, and Other Matters
Wikipedia on Angela Merkel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel

  Nov 30--No Class.