Hist 343 Russia and the Soviet Union (spring 2025)


Class Schedule
The readings listed for a given class day are meant to indicate that you should read those before you attend that class. "Text" refers to the Mark Galeotti book, A Short History of Russia.

Jan 28—Introduction and Overview: Poles, Varangians, and Others

Jan 30—The Origins of Russia
    Read Hosking, pp. xv to 26.


Feb. 4—From Kievan Rus to the first four Ivans
Read Hosking, chapters 2 and 3.
Also, Wikipedia on the
Grand Duchy of Moscow--Intro only-- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Moscow
And, on Ivan IV (the Terrible), read the Encylopedia Britannica entry. Read the text and also watch the little video--it is pretty good.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ivan-the-Terrible/The-Oprichnina


Feb. 6--The Time of Troubles and After
Hosking,  chapter 4.
On
the Ulozhenie of 1649, read this one-page intro https://library.law.yale.edu/news/monuments-imperial-russian-law-1649-sobornoe-ulozhenie
and Chapter II of the Ulozhenia:   http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/history/htooley/Ulozhenia%201649.html

Finally, Samuel Collins's report
https://web.archive.org/web/20060602031504/http://artsci.shu.edu/reesp/documents/collins.html



Feb. 11Russian Absolutism, Russian Empire: Peter the Great
Documents on Peter the Great
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/petergreat.asp

And read Russian upper-class liberal Pavel Miliukov on the reforms of Peter the Great
http://academic.shu.edu/russianhistory/index.php/Pavel_Miliukov_on_the_Reforms_of_Peter_the_Great


Feb. 13—The Russian Empire in the Late Eighteenth Century
Beginning of class, Map Quiz # 1.
Read Hosking pp. 46-52

And read documents on Catherine the Great:
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/18catherine.asp

Look over this handout on Russia's wars with the Ottoman Empire and her wars in general.
In case needed, the is the url: http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/history/htooley/RussianWars.pdf


Feb. 18--
From the French Revolution to the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Read Hosking pp. 53-59.
And read this short bio of Alexander I
https://www.napoleon.org/en/history-of-the-two-empires/biographies/alexander-i/

And look carefully at this fascinating chart of Napoleon's losses in the 1812 invasion of Russia
https://badriadhikari.github.io/DV/week2/minards/
and a short history of the Decembrist Revolt, 1825
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/the-decembrist-revolt/
And the Wikipedia (Intro only) entry on Tsar Nicholas I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia


To view in class--a depiction of the Battle of Borodina from the 1967 movie War and Peace:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_S8LKpg4HEM



Feb. 20--
Cultural Continuities: Luboki, Music, Culture
Read through the various pages of Alexander Boguslawski's wonderful collection of "popular prints," or Lubok, online

at: http://www.rollins.edu/Foreign_Lang/Russian/Lubok/lubok.html
    (I mean it when I say this: look at all the pages and all the captions. There will be a double value reading quiz, and we will discuss this in class.)
And, read the Wikipedia entry for Ivan Turgenev: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Turgenev


Feb. 25--The Empire, War, and Reform: To the Crimean War
Carefully look at the ALL the photos and read all the text of "The Prokudin-Gorskii Photographic Record Recreated": http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/empire/
Also, read Wikipedia on the forced resettlement of Jews to the "Pale":
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale_of_Settlement
and read this short bio of Alexander II
https://www.thoughtco.com/alexander-ii-biography-4174256


Feb. 27--
Terror, Nicholas II, and The Revolution of 1905
Beginning of class, Map Quiz # 2.
Read this good short bio of Nicholas II in the Encyclopia Brittanica:

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Nicholas-II-tsar-of-Russia/Abdication-and-death

and read these two Wikipedia entries relating to the Revolution of 1805:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody_Sunday_(1905)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Gapon https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_1905

 




Mar. 4--
The Coming of World War I
Short powerpoint with sound:

Hist343RussiaOriginsWWI.pptx
and do heavy skimming through the Russian Orange Book, the published selected Russian diplomatic explanation of the war:
http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Russian_Orange_Book http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Russian_Memorandum_of_Advice_to_Serbia


Mar. 6--
Outbreak of the War and the Early stages of fighting
Read the famous telegrams between Wilhelm II and Nicholas II
http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Willy-Nicky_Telegrams


Spring Break


Mar 18—The Bolsheviks, 1903-1921
Readings:

PPT with sound: The Russian Revolutions of 1917
From Sergei Eisenstein's film OCTOBER (1927), watch at least the first twenty minutes of:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UYp5fAuaky0


Mar 20--Midterm Exam


Mar 25--Contexts: Bolsheviks, Comintern, Party, Fascism, Depression, and More
See the Wikipedia article on Trotsky

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Trotsky (concentrate on the latter part of the article--the post 1924 material)

AND watch carefully this instructive video from the Smith College Museum of Art:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OyUdccGhJUY

Mar. 27--Stalin Triumpans: The Great Purges, Ethnic Cleansing, and the Holodomor
Read
Hosking, pp. 96-111.
And watch this excellent interview of Stalin biographer Stephen Kotkin
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jhi2icRXbHo
And look carefully over these Stalin-era posters, and be sure to read the accompanying text:
    http://www.iisg.nl/exhibitions/chairman/sovintro.php
As you do so, ask yourself what kind of information we can glean from such sources.

Research paper Progress Report due on Mar. 28 at 11:59 via Turnitin.com



Apr 1--The Soviets and the Origins of World War II
Watch this long interview with Sean McMeekin, a historian who has recently, three years ago, written a new history of World War II origins from the Soviet perspective.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4RLVwB23c1o
Please watch the whole thing and listen carefully.

Apr 3--
The Great Patriotic War I
Watch these videos:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gr_-HjefPi0
This one is an hour long, but very rich--a lecture from 2018 on the Soviets and the war:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AZErCVlIDJg

Also read the Wikipedia entry on Alexandr Solzhenitsyn:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn

And LOOK OVER

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Eastern_Front_of_World_War_II




Apr 8--
The Great Patriotic War II: Diplomacy, War Crimes, and Other Matters
Read Simkin on the Second Front
https://spartacus-educational.com/RUSsecond.htm
and on Yalta
https://
spartacus-educational.com/2WWyalta.htm
and on Potsdam

https://spartacus-educational.com/2WWpotsdam.htm
and
read Tooley paper on ethnic cleansing in and around Poland:
  "The Human Costs of the Matchstick Solution." 


Apr 10—The Soviet Block Under Stalin.
Read my chronology of the postwar period:
http://artemis.austincollege.edu/acad/history/htooley/ChronEurPost45.html
And a Truman Library timeline of the Cold War
https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/public/TrumanCIA_Timeline.pdf


Apr. 15--From Stalin to Khrushchev
Ppt with sound: From Stalin to Khrushchev:
Link TBA

And
Wikipedia Khrushchev's 20th Party Congress "Secret Speech." Please read at least the INTRO
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union

And the famous Kitchen Debate between VP Nixon and Soviet leader Khrushchev
Apr. 17—Khrushchev to Brezhnev
Read about the Bay of Pigs and Missile Crisis, National Security Archive:
http://www2.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/bayofpigs/

and about the Cuban Missile Crises

http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Cuban-Missile-Crisis.aspx
(including the audio part, and the whole Thirteen Days exhibit) And read the Wikipedia entry for
Also read Wikipedia on Brezhnev http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brezhnev

And for class discussion, read about Vasily Mitrokhin's internal KGB report on Soviet operations in Afghanistan between 1978 and 1983:
read Spartacus-Educational on Mitrokhin: https://spartacus-educational.com/Vasili_Mitrokhin.htm

Research Paper due on April 18 at 11:59pm via Turnitin.com


Apr 22--After Brezhnev: Neo-Cold War
Wikipedia entries on:

Andropov http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Andropov
the Soviet War in Afghanistan http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan
And on Star Wars (SDI)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative

    --optional--a pretty good Afghani documentary history of the Soviet-Afghan War:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeV8RuvHfUI

Apr. 24—Gorbachev

Watch this pretty good documentary bio of Mikhail Gorbachev
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mvOqsEejmJg


Apr 29--The Fall of Communism
Read the US State Department article on the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe:
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/fall-of-communism

May 1—The 1990s:
Read this interesting article on the preservation of Lenin's body:
https://allthatsinteresting.com/vladimir-lenin-body

Final Research Paper due on Friday, May 2, 11:59pm via Turnitin.com

May 6--The 2000s: Putin May 11--Summing Up
Watch this hard-hitting and controversial lecture by John Mearsheimer on the 2014 emergence of the Ukrainian problem:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrMiSQAGOS4&t=727s

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